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Wednesday, February 6, 2008

MISCARRIAGE BLUES

Miscarriage blues

Around one in five women have had a miscarriage at least once in their lifetime. But once a woman is over 40, her chances of miscarriage increase due to the lack of quality of her eggs.

WHY DO MISCARRIAGES HAPPEN?

Most miscarriages occur before the 12-week stage. And half of all of these early miscarriages are related to a genetic problem such as chromosomal abnormalities.A chromosome abnormality is when some of the information taken from both parents' genes at conception is lost for no other reason than bad luck. This means the baby can't develop properly and is miscarried.Most chromosomal problems happen by chance, have nothing to do with the parents, and are unlikely to reoccur. A miscarriage is the body's way of rejecting a pregnancy with abnormalities such as Down's syndrome.

PHYSICAL REASONS

Problem: A common anatomical problem is a weak cervix, which means the cervix is not strong enough to hold the baby. In this case, miscarriage usually happens after 15 weeks. Treatment: If this has happened, you can have a stitch put in the neck of the cervix after you fall pregnant again to reduce your risk. It's a quick operation under general anaesthetic and the stitch is removed before you go into labour.Problem: Another is antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as sticky-blood syndrome. This is where the circulation of blood is poor, causing blood clotting, which means the egg can't attach to the uterus lining.Treatment: APS can be treated with aspirin to thin the blood. Aspirin stops the blood cells sticking together and creates a better circulation in the lining of the uterus, reducing the risk of miscarriage.Problem: Some women don't make enough progesterone, the hormone that prepares the lining of the uterus to nourish a fertilised egg. If the uterus lining can't sustain an egg, miscarriage will occur.Treatment: A blood test and a biopsy of a small amount of tissue taken from the uterus lining can determine whether you are producing enough progesterone naturally. This hormone imbalance can be caused by diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease.

OTHER REASONS•

Minor infections such as coughs and colds aren't harmful.• A high temperature and some illnesses or infections, such as German measles, may also cause miscarriage. So if you begin to get a temperature, contact your doctor.• A miscarriage can also be caused by lifestyle choices such as flying and eating certain foods.• One of the common questions asked is: 'Can I fly?' If you've had any bleeding, or previous miscarriages, then think twice about going on a long-haul flight. You don't want to be stuck at 30,000 feet having a miscarriage.• You should also avoid putting yourself at risk by not carrying heavy objects or climbing up ladders.• When it comes to food, it's unusual but not uncommon for a miscarriage to be triggered by listeria. This bacteria is found in unpasturised milk and some soft cheeses such as unpasturised brie and Camembert. Listeria is also found in liver pate. The bacterium causes food poisoning. There is a small risk if you're in the first trimester and up to the second trimester, which is six months.• Ideally, you should avoid unpasturised foods while pregnant. Other lifestyle changes like drinking and smoking can also cause problems.• Studies have shown that overindulging in alcohol effects the early stages of foetus development. Give up alcohol completely. However, if you want to enjoy the odd glass of wine you should be fine. And stop smoking completely.• The chemicals in cigarettes narrow the blood vessels and make it difficult for the womb to provide enough blood supply for the baby to develop properly, which can lead to miscarriage.

DOES DRINKING COFFEE INCREASE THE DANGER?

Pregnant women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day may double their risk of miscarriage.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU MISCARRY?

At first you may experience slight bleeding and a bit of pain. At this point it's a "threatened miscarriage" and the neck of the womb is closed, so you may still be able to save your baby. Contact your midwife, doctor or go to your nearest accident and emergency department. In the next stage, the bleeding and pain increases. When examined, if the cervix is opening it's inevitable that a miscarriage will occur.

THE MEDICAL PROCEDURE

Women often have to wait a week and have a repeat scan before a miscarriage can be confirmed. But if the worst has happened, the doctor will help you choose the right option for you:Let nature takes its course - where the foetus comes out naturally. This method can take anything from a few days to the next cycle of your period, how long depends on the stage of your pregnancy. So you may be on your own at home when it happens.The doctor can give you misoprostil, a tablet which encourages the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy, and also pessaries, which speed up the natural process of miscarriage. Often you're given the pill in hospital then asked to return when you start bleeding so you can be monitored.Alternatively you may need to undergo a D&C, which stands for "dilation and curettage", where the uterus is cleaned out under general anaesthetic.

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MISCARRIAGE AND A STILLBIRTH?

A miscarriage occurs before 24 weeks. A stillbirth occurs after 24 weeks, once the baby is fully formed — so you usually need to undergo an induced labour to deliver it.YOUR AFTERCAREIf you've had two miscarriages, you can ask your doctor to refer you to an Early Pregnancy Assessment Clinic when you are five to six weeks pregnant, before your usual 12-week scan.Three miscarriages in a row is known as a recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and you'll be referred to a gynaecologist for special investigation.You should wait at least until you have had another cycle before trying to fall pregnant again. Three months is usually a good length of time.Although you recover physically within about six weeks, miscarriage is a bereavement and is likely to affect you emotionally. Everyone reacts differently. But feelings of sadness, depression, self blame and anger are common. Talking to someone who's been through one can help.


FOOD POISIONING CAN BE LONG-TERM PROBLEM

It's a dirty little secret of food poisoning: E. coli and certain other foodborne illnesses can sometimes trigger serious health problems months or years after patients survived that initial bout. Scientists only now are unraveling a legacy that has largely gone unnoticed.What they've spotted so far is troubling. In interviews with The Associated Press, they described high blood pressure, kidney damage, even full kidney failure striking 10 to 20 years later in people who survived severe E. coli infection as children, arthritis after a bout of salmonella or shigella, and a mysterious paralysis that can attack people who just had mild symptoms of campylobacter. "Folks often assume once you're over the acute illness, that's it, you're back to normal and that's the end of it," said Dr. Robert Tauxe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The long-term consequences are "an important but relatively poorly documented, poorly studied area of foodborne illness."

These late effects are believed to make up a very small fraction of the nation's 76 million annual food poisonings, although no one knows just how many people are at risk. A bigger question is what other illnesses have yet to be scientifically linked to food poisoning. And with a rash of food recalls - including more than 30 million pounds of ground beef pulled off the market last year alone - these are questions are taking on new urgency."We're drastically underestimating the burden on society that foodborne illnesses represent," contends Donna Rosenbaum of the consumer advocacy group STOP, Safe Tables Our Priority. Every week, her group hears from patients with health complaints that they suspect or have been told are related to food poisoning years earlier, like a woman who survived severe E. coli at 8 only to have her colon removed in her 20s. Or people who develop diabetes after food poisoning inflamed the pancreas. Or parents who wonder if a child's learning problems stem from food poisoning-caused dialysis as a toddler. "There's nobody to refer them to for an answer," says Rosenbaum.So STOP this month is beginning the first national registry of food-poisoning survivors with long-term health problems - people willing to share their medical histories with scientists in hopes of boosting much-needed research. Consider Alyssa Chrobuck of Seattle, who at age 5 was hospitalized as part of the Jack-in-the-Box hamburger outbreak that 15 years ago this month made a deadly E. coli strain notorious.She's now a successful college student but ticks off a list of health problems unusual for a 20-year-old: High blood pressure, recurring hospitalizations for colon inflammation, a hiatal hernia, thyroid removal, endometriosis. "I can't eat fatty foods. I can't eat things that are fried, never been able to eat ice cream or milkshakes," says Chrobuck. "Would I have this many medical problems if I hadn't had the E. coli? Definitely not. But there's no way to tie it definitely back." The CDC says foodborne illnesses cause 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths a year. Among survivors, some long-term consequences are obvious from the outset. Some required kidney transplants. They may have scarred intestines that promise lasting digestive difficulty. But when people appear to recover, it is difficult to prove that later problems really are a food-poisoning legacy and not some unfortunate coincidence. It may be that people prone to certain gastrointestinal conditions, for instance, also are genetically more vulnerable to germs that cause foodborne illness. For now, some of the best evidence comes from the University of Utah, which has long tracked children with E. coli. About 10 percent of E. coli sufferers develop a life-threatening complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, where their kidneys and other organs fail. Ten to 20 years after they recover, between 30 percent and half of HUS survivors will have some kidney-caused problem, says Dr. Andrew Pavia, the university's pediatric infectious diseases chief. That includes high blood pressure caused by scarred kidneys, slowly failing kidneys, even end-stage kidney failure that requires dialysis. "I don't want to leave the message that everyone who had symptoms ... is in trouble," stresses Pavia.Miserable as E. coli is, it doesn't seem to trigger long-term problems unless it started shutting down the kidneys the first time around, he says. "People with uncomplicated diarrhea, by and large we don't have evidence yet that they have complications." Other proven long-term consequences:

About 1 in 1,000 sufferers of campylobacter, a diarrhea-causing infection spread by raw poultry, develop far more serious Guillain-Barre syndrome a month or so later. Their body attacks their nerves, causing paralysis that usually requires intensive care and a ventilator to breathe. About a third of the nation's Guillain-Barre cases have been linked to previous campylobacter, even if the diarrhea was very mild, and they typically suffer a more severe case than patients who never had food poisoning. While they eventually recover, "We don't know a great deal about what happens to those people five years later. What does 'normal' look like?" Tauxe says.A small number of people develop what's called reactive arthritis six months or longer after a bout of salmonella. It causes joint pain, eye inflammation, sometimes painful urination, and can lead to chronic arthritis. Certain strains of shigella and yersinia bacteria, far more common abroad than in the U.S., trigger this reactive arthritis, too, Tauxe says.What about other patient complaints?A variety of other organ problems might be triggered by HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome), that severe E. coli - because it causes blood clots all over the body that could leave a trail of damage, says Utah's Pavia. Among his hottest questions: HUS patients often suffer pancreatitis. Does that increase risk for diabetes later in life?

But proving a connection will require tracking a lot of patients who can provide very good medical records documenting their initial foodborne illness, he cautions.



Skin care: Top 5 habits for healthy skin

Your busy lifestyle leaves little time for pampering skin care. The result: Your skin isn't the baby-soft body glove with which you were born. With age, your skin gradually becomes thinner and finely wrinkled. Oil-producing (sebaceous) glands grow less active leaving your skin drier. The number of blood vessels in your skin decreases, your skin becomes more fragile, and you lose your youthful color and glow.

Good skin care — such as avoiding the sun, washing your skin gently and applying moisturizer regularly — can help delay the natural aging process and prevent many skin problems.. These simple skin-care habits will help you protect your skin to keep it healthy and glowing for years to come.
1. Protect yourself from the sun
The best way to take care of your skin is to protect it from the sun. Ultraviolet light — the invisible but intense rays of the sun — damages your skin, causing deep wrinkles, dry, rough skin, liver spots, and more serious disorders, such as noncancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant) skin tumors.
For the most complete sun protection, use all three of these methods:
Avoid the sun during high-intensity hours. The sun's rays are most damaging from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Reduce the time you spend outdoors during these hours.
Wear protective clothing. Cover your skin with clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants and wide-brimmed hats. Also, keep in mind that certain clothing styles and fabrics offer better protection from the sun than do others.. For example, long-sleeved shirts offer better protection than short-sleeved shirts do. And tightly woven fabrics such as denim are better than loosely woven fabrics such as knits.
Use sunscreen. Apply sunscreen liberally 20 minutes before going outdoors and reapply every two hours, after heavy sweating or after being in water.
2. Don't smoke
Smoking can accelerate the normal aging process of your skin, contributing to wrinkles. Skin changes from smoking can be seen in young adults who have been smoking for as few as 10 years.
Smoking causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the outermost layers of skin. This decreases blood flow, depleting the skin of oxygen and nutrients, such as vitamin A, that are important to skin health. All of these factors increase damage to the elastic fibers (elastin) and collagen which give your skin strength and elasticity.
In addition, the repetitive facial expressions you make when smoking — such as pursing your lips when inhaling and squinting your eyes to keep out smoke — may contribute to wrinkles. It's also possible that repeated exposure to the heat from burning cigarettes may damage your facial skin over time.
3. Wash your skin gently
Cleaning is an essential part of caring for your skin. The key is to treat your skin gently.
Use warm water and limit bath time. Hot water and long showers or baths remove oils from your skin. Limit your bath or shower time to about 15 minutes or less, and use warm, rather than hot, water.
Avoid strong soaps. Strong soaps — those most capable of stripping oil from your skin — can leave your skin dry. Instead, choose mild soaps with oils and fats added to them during the soap manufacturing process.
Avoid irritating additives. If your skin is sensitive, avoid products containing perfumes or dyes. These can irritate your skin and may trigger an allergic response.
Remove eye makeup carefully. Use a soft sponge, cotton cloth or cotton balls when removing eye makeup to avoid damaging the delicate tissue around your eyes. If you wear heavy, waterproof makeup, you may need to use an oil-based product such as petroleum jelly.
Pat dry. After washing or bathing, gently pat or blot your skin dry with a towel so that some moisture remains on the skin. Immediately moisturize your skin with an oil or cream.
4. Moisturize regularly
Moisturizers help maintain your skin's natural moisture levels. They work by providing a seal over your skin — to keep water from escaping — or by slowly releasing water into your skin.
The moisturizer that's best for you and the frequency with which you need to moisturize depends on many factors, including your skin type, your age and whether you have specific conditions such as acne. A good way to test if you need a moisturizer is to wait 20 minutes after bathing. If your skin feels tight, you should apply a moisturizer.
Select a moisturizer with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 to help protect your skin from damaging ultraviolet rays. If you have sensitive skin, look for products free of heavy dyes, perfumes or other additives. If your skin is very dry, you may want to apply an oil, such as baby oil, while your skin is still moist. Oil has more staying power than moisturizers do and prevents the evaporation of water from the surface of your skin. If your skin is oily, you may want to skip moisturizing.
5. Shave carefully
Shaving is a common and inexpensive way to remove unwanted hair. But shaving can cause skin irritations, especially if your skin is thin, dry or very sensitive. For a smooth shave:
Press a warm wash cloth on your skin before shaving to soften the hair. Or shave after a warm bath or shower.
Don't shave dry skin, which can cause razor burn. Apply shaving cream, lotion or gel before shaving to protect and lubricate your skin.
Use a clean, sharp razor. If using an electric razor, don't use the closest setting, which can irritate the skin.
Shave in the direction of hair growth, not against it.
Rinse your skin afterwards with warm water.
If irritation does occur, apply a lotion that doesn't contain ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. Though alcohol and alcohol-based products may feel cooling, they don't really soothe irritated skin because the alcohol evaporates rapidly from the skin..

Winter Tips for Hair, Skin,Hands, Nails,Legs, Lips

Winter Tips for Hair, Skin,Hands, Nails,Legs, Lips
Winter is just not about warm clothes, fireside reading, snuggling close to the pillows wrapped from head to toe with a comfy quilt. It is time to battle the cold winds that hampers your body and hair. A little care will keep the wintry troubles at bay.


Hair...
Before the winter winds can work havoc with your hair, expose your hair to deep conditioning. Since the cold weather causes to dry your hair, massage your hair in aloe Vera juice for a few minutes. This will restore its softness.You can a lso treat your hair with oil massage once or twice a week Olive oil can work wonders in reinforcing moisture to your hair. Heat the oil before using and allow it to soak for a time lesser than the time you allot for the summer season. Too long a period of soaking hair in oil can get you ill. If you are used to treating your hair with herbal extracts or herbal oil do not soak it for a long time. Herbal ingredients are mostly cooling agents that are more suitable for the summer. Keep away from washing your hair too frequently.Woolen clothing like hats, scarves and turtlenecks can cause damage to your hairline. Since they can cause breakage, first cover your hair with a silk scarf before exposing it to winter wraps.It is the appropriate time for split ends to work their way up to the hair shafts. Hence trim your split ends.Style your hair with a braid, twist or a knot. Try Keeping away from letting your hair open and wild, as the cold winds can play rough on your hair.Avoid exposing your hair to frequent coloring, streaking, or ironing as they can rob your hair off its moisture and it is advisable to avoid heating appliances on your hair.Expose your hair to natural drying. Keep away from blow dryers. If you have to use, use one with a hood.Always cover your hair with a silk fabric to guard it from the chill winds.Skin...Your skin texture depends not only on external treatments, but also on the intake. A proper nutritious intake helps in rejuvenating the skin from within. Water plays an important role in keeping your skin alive. A good amount of water helps in retaining the moisture of your skin as well keeping skin disorders at bay. Fruits and vegetables in your daily diet release a lot of water to your system. Primrose syrup and olive oil in your diet also aids in softening your skin.Use th e paste of ground green gram powder instead of soap to work your way to a soft and supple skin.Pamper you skin with a little coconut oil before bath to heal dryness and chaps. Use a creamy soap that renders that extra suppleness to your skin.Moisturizers and cold creams are a must in the winters. Apply some good cold cream on your face before going to bed. Moisten your skin with a good moisturizer or a creamy hand and body lotion. My best buy is ' Jergens' hand and body lotion.Add a few drops of oil to the water that you are using to bath. This will help retain the moisture lost when bathing. Avoid using very hot water during winter as it can decrease the natural oils of your skin. Instead shorten your bath time.Hands, legs and nails...When treating your legs add a few drops of oil in the water that you use to soak them. With regards to hands, try using rubber gloves while immersing them in water. Use a base coat over your nails against the cold weather.Lips...A good petroleum jelly will be an effective cover over your lips against the cold weather. Butter is effective in curing chapped lips and renders an extra softness.So get ready to shield your body against the winter threats.

FATTY LEVER

FATTY LEVER Fatty liver is the accumulation of fat in the cells of the liver. About one in 10 Australians are affected by this condition. Fatty liver disease is...

Tuesday, February 5, 2008

Dieting on the Job

We probably don't need to tell you how tough it is to lose weight whenyou sit at a desk all day, five days a week. What's a dieter to do?"Weight control is simply a mathematical equation," says Melinda Hemmelgarn, MS, RD, nutritionist at the University of Missouri. "To loseweight, you must burn more calories than you take in." If you sit at adesk all day, you're sedentary and more likely to snack, which may make it difficult to win the calorie contest.The solution is to make the most of your desk's diet potential. Wesurveyed weight-loss experts and dieters who've done it. Here are thetricks they believe work best. =Snack wisely. "A lot of people snack while they sit at the computer,"says Hemmelgarn. If you're one of them, be prepared. Keep healthyoptions handy so you don't rush off for an emergency visit to the vending machine. Bring fresh fruit, veggies and salsa to work. Onedieter's smart suggestion: Keep snacks not at your desk, but stowed awayin a file cabinet. Out of sight, out of mind. If that strategy doesn't work for you, only bring the amount you want to eat each day.=Drink up. As with healthy foods, keep enough water at your desk andyou'll easily drink your six 8-ounces glasses by the end of the day.Keep a bottle or glass full of fresh water next to your computer at alltimes.=Plan lunch. "I eat half of my lunch at 11:30; then, when themid-afternoon munchies hit, I eat the other half," suggests one dieter. Schedule your lunch to protect against cravings. Also, says Hemmelgarn,it's best to bring your lunch from home - that way, you can control yourportions and keep track of exactly how many calories you consume. =Portion Patrol. In this age of "supersizing," prepacking your meals incontainers will help you eat reasonable servings. "Get to know trueserving sizes, and plan meals with that in mind," says Jean Anliker, director of the Nutrition Education Program at the University ofMassachusetts, Amherst.A good guide to follow: One ounce of meat isabout the size of the average thumb, 2-3 ounces is about the size of apalm, and a cup of cereal or rice is about the size of a fist. =Move! "Even if it's just 10 minutes of exercise at a time," says LeanneWagner, a certified personal trainer in Los Angeles, "get up and movewhenever possible." Here are some ideas: Eat your lunch at a park a few blocks away, and walk there instead of driving. Walk to a colleague'sdesk rather than e-mailing or calling. Take the stairs instead of theelevator.Park as far away from the front door as possible.Include exercise breaksin your calendar. Treat them just as you would any other appointment -you have to be there! Place your wastepaper basket far away from yourdesk so you'll have to move to throw away garbage.Place your phone outof reach so you'll have to stretch or even get up to answer it.=Exercise during off hours. Get in exercise before and after work tooffset all that sedentary time at your computer. "If you don't live too far, think about walking to work," suggests Wagner. "And if that's notpossible, instead of spending an extra hour sitting in traffic, find agym near your office and go there instead. Once you're done exercising, rush hour will be over and you'll still be home at the same time."=Work out with friends. Get your co-workers in on the weight-loss game.That way, you can encourage each other throughout the day, have healthy lunches together and exercise together on breaks. Try organizing anat-work exercise or diet group. See if your company is willing to giveyou space and even funds for equipment (mats, weights, etc.).Nothing is possible for the unwilling
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